基于地理信息系统的一起腺病毒感染暴发疫情的调查处置

Investigation and disposal of an outbreak of adenovirus infection based on geographic information system

目的分析南宁市武鸣区一起腺病毒感染的流行病学特征和空间分布特点,为预防腺病毒疫情暴发提供科学依据。方法采用统一的流行病学个案调查表对病例进行一对一调查,使用地理信息系统(GIS)技术对疫情的空间分布和聚集情况进行探究,通过核密度和全局莫兰指数(Moran’s I)分析该起疫情的空间流行分布特征。结果此次疫情共228例儿童感染腺病毒,无重症以及死亡病例。感染者年龄主要为5~9岁,发病时间集中在2019年7月28日-8月4日。临床表现主要为发热、咳嗽、咽部充血与扁桃体肿大。Moran’s I Z值为3.76(P<0.05),提示腺病毒感染患者空间分布上具有较强的空间聚集性,核密度分析显示此次疫情感染患儿在全区范围内分布。结论暑假期间具有较强的人口流动性,应警惕疫情的大范围扩散。家长带儿童到公共场所游玩时,需要加强自身安全意识,养成良好的卫生习惯。使用空间分析能够全面、直观地展现疫情发病的聚集区域,为疫情防控提供科学的参考依据。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and spatial distribution characteristics of adenovirus infection in Wuming District of Nanning City,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention of adenovirus outbreak.Methods A unified epidemiological questionnaires on individual case were used to conduct one-to-one investigation,geographic information system(GIS)technology was adopted to explore the spatial distribution and clustering of the epidemic,spatial epidemiological distribution characteristics of the epidemic was analyzed by kernel density analysis and Moran’s I index.Results A total of 228 children were infected with adenovirus in this outbreak,and none of them were seriously ill or died.The age of the infected patients was mainly 5-9 years old,and the onset time was mainly from July 28 to August 4,2019.The major clinical manifestations were fever,cough,pharyngeal congestion and tonsillar enlargement.Moran’s I Z=3.76(P<0.05),suggesting that the spatial distribution of patients with adenovirus infection has a strong spatial clustering,and kernel density analysis showed that infected children in this epidemic were distributed in the whole region.Conclusion There is a strong population mobility during the summer vacation,spread of the epidemic in a large scale should be alerted.Parents should strengthen their own safety awareness and develop good hygiene habit when taking their children out to play in public places.The use of spatial analysis can comprehensively and intuitively show the clustering region of epidemic diseases,and provide scientific reference for the prevention and control of the epidemic.