《民法典》视野下人脸识别信息的权益归属与保护路径

Ownership and Protection of Face Recognition Information from the Perspective of Civil Code

深度学习算法的创新和实践为决策者提供规避风险和效率优化的可视化预测,以此为基础的人脸识别技术正在重新塑造已有的社会生产方式,但技术本身的不成熟以及外部的安全风险也在增加人脸识别技术应用的不稳定因素。《民法典》首次回应了社会所关注的“个人信息”保护问题,完成了“理性人”向“信息人”的过渡,但却未能回应人脸识别信息不可更改性和人格权益属性所提出的特殊保护需求。面对刷脸支付、人脸搜索等应用实践的持续深入以及“杭州人脸识别第一案”对司法审判提出的新问题,一方面,司法裁判者需要在《民法典》既有体例下重新解释“知情同意”等具体规则的适用方式;另一方面,在“回应型法”导向下,立法者需要在行政法规和部门规章层面确立生物特征识别信息的特殊保护规则。

The innovation and practice of deep learning algorithm provide decision-makers with visual prediction of risk avoidance and efficiency optimization.The Civil Code for the first time responded to the social concern of“personal information”protection issues,completed the transition from“rational person”to“information person”,but failed to respond to the special protection needs of face recognition information which immutable and personality rights and interests attributes.In the face of the continuous deepening of the application practice of face brushing payment and face search and the new problems raised by the first case of Hangzhou face recognition,on the one hand,the judges need to reinterpret the application mode of informed consent and other specific rules under the existing style of the Civil Code;on the other hand,under the guidance of“response law”,legislators need to adjust the application of specific rules such as“informed consent”in the existing Civil Code.The special protection rules of biometric information are established at the department level.