2000—2019年间我国小麦赤霉病药剂防治效果的分析评价

Comprehensive evaluation of control efficiencies of Fusarium head blight in wheat field experiments by fungicides among 2000—2019

近年来小麦赤霉病在世界范围内呈加重发生的趋势。为了保障国家粮食安全,多地围绕小麦赤霉病防治开展了大量田间试验。从中国知网上检索到2000—2019年间发表的超过350篇相关论文,防治试验在2010—2019年间显著增多,占发表总数的89.35%。苏皖两省的报道最多,占64.33%。化学药剂防治仍是生产上广泛采用的防治手段,占使用药剂种(次)数的95%以上。对这些数据进行梳理和分析,显示现有登记用于小麦赤霉病防治的药剂(包括单剂和混剂)均对该病有防治效果,实际的防效取决于试验时作物的发病压力和相应防治措施的选择,“种对的品种,做对的判断,找对的药剂,用对的方法”几方协同发力才能取得对小麦赤霉病“对的防效”。

Fusarium head blight(FHB),caused by various Fusarium species,has been increasingly an important wheat disease worldwide.Chemical control is now widely applied in China to guarantee the national food security.Over 350 reports on the efficiencies of fungicides on FHB based on field experiments had been published during 2000 to 2019.It showed that 89.35%of the reports were published among 2010-2019.Around 64.33%of the experiments were taken by scientists and technicians from Jiangsu and Anhui provinces.Carbendazim,JS399,tebuconazole,prochloraz,prothioconazole and triadimefon were the most frequently used fungicides either used solely or mixed with other chemicals.All registered FHB controlling fungicides could function well once properly applied,and their actual efficiencies were largely affected by both the epidemic pressure of the crop and the controlling strategy adopted.A high efficient FHB control was determined by factors such as good choice of wheat varieties,accurate prediction,choosing proper fungicides,and following proper application methods.