现代铁道车辆结构伤损形式与再制造修复技术

Typical defects and remanufacturing&repairing technologies of modern railway vehicle components

现代铁道车辆关键承载部件多采用大型复杂焊接结构,在制造、运用及维修过程中不可避免地会形成各种缺欠和损伤。经安全评估后不可接受的质量缺欠和伤损称为缺陷,它们会显著降低结构的承载能力和服役寿命,因此需要对含缺陷或者伤损的承载部件进行补修和再制造加工。综述了当前铁道车辆关键承载部件中存在的各类缺陷及采用的延寿补修技术,指出再制造部件完整性评价是重要研究课题和方向。

The key load-carrying components of modern high-speed railway vehicles are mostly large-scale welded metallic structures,in which inevitably exist various defects and damages during the manufacturing,operation and maintenance.It is usually argued that,after the safety assessment,those unacceptable quality defects and surface damage are called defects.These defects can considerably decrease the bearing capacity and service life of the structures,it is therefore necessary to repair the bearing parts in the case of defects.This paper summarizes the typical defects existing in the key load-carrying components of railway vehicles and corresponding repair technologies,and then we point out that the structural integrity assessment is the potential research topic and developing direction.