核级主设备焊接技术探讨及展望

Discussion and prospect of welding technology for nuclear grade main equipment

核级主设备在役期间长期承受高温、高压、中子辐照等作用,其质量和安全性要求极高。焊接作为主设备制造和安装过程中的基本手段,对主设备的质量和安全性影响极大。简要探讨我国核电主设备的焊缝类型、方法、焊材及存在的问题;对焊接的几大难点——镍基合金焊接、核级焊材国产化、钴基合金堆焊进行原因分析,提出了解决思路。对核级主设备焊接技术的发展方向进行简要的总结和展望,提出数值模拟仿真、焊接数字化建设、增材制造技术、先进焊接方法应用和智能化焊接应是未来的主要发展方向。

Nuclear grade main equipment has been subjected to high temperature,high pressure and neutron irradiation for a long time in service,and its quality and safety requirements are very high.Welding,as a basic means in the manufacturing and installation process of main equipment,has a great impact on the quality and safety of the main equipment.This paper briefly discusses the types,methods,welding materials and existing problems of main nuclear power equipment in China.This paper analyzes the causes of several difficulties in welding,such as nickel base alloy welding,localization of nuclear grade welding materials and surfacing welding of cobalt base alloy,and puts forward solutions.The development direction of welding technology for nuclear grade main equipment is briefly summarized and prospected.It is proposed that numerical simulation,digital welding construction,additive manufacturing technology,application of advanced welding methods and intelligent welding should be the main development directions in the future.