矿用缓冲吸能装置的优化与实验

Improvement and experimental study of buffer energy absorption device for mine

为解决巷道液压支架让位吸能缓冲效果差的问题,通过结构分析以及相似计算的方法对缓冲装置进行了结构上的优化,将原有结构的卡销式改为卡箍式,降低了弹簧卡销部分占比空间,提高了液压立柱底座空间利用率。将单一刚体提供的支撑力改为内部填充泡沫材料作为吸能材料与刚体相结合来提供支撑力,分析了优化前后两装置的吸能效果,并且进行了3组实验来验证优化前后两装置载荷随位移变化的情况。理论分析表明:装置卡箍打开过程吸能量比原装置增加了3.9%;填充泡沫材料之后,吸能量增加了33.3%;总吸能量提高了22.6%,通过数据分析可见吸能效果与缓冲性能得到了明显地提高。研究分析表明:优化后装置初撑力明显增大,达到初撑力位移基本处于0.5 cm处,且波动稳定更加满足工程需要;卡箍打开过程吸能量增加了4.3%;泡沫材料吸能量增加了30.5%;总吸能量增加了21.2%;平稳阶段载荷波动系数下降9.3%;缓冲效果冲量提高21.6%;最大载荷波动值下降一半以上。优化之后缓冲装置所受冲击载荷大部分可作用于吸能材料,并且吸能材料可以方便地取出更换。相对于原装置提高了装置的使用寿命。吸能缓冲装置与填充材料组成的刚-柔耦合支护体系可有效增强立柱抗冲击能力,在一定程度上降低冲击地压事故造成的各种损失。

In order to solve the buffer problem of poor absorption effect with roadway hydraulic support,based on the structural analysis and similarity calculation method,the structure of buffer device is optimized.Through the changes of the original bayonet type structure to clamp type structure,the space taken by spring pin part is reduced,thus the space utilization of hydraulic pillar base is improved.The supporting force provided by a single rigid body is replaced by the internal foam material as the energy absorbing material combined with the rigid body to provide the supporting force.The energy absorbing effect of the two devices before and after optimization is analyzed,and three groups of experiments are carried out to verify the load change with displacement of the two devices before and after optimization.Theoretical analysis shows that the energy absorption during the opening of the clamp is 3.9%higher than that of the original device.Energy absorption increases by 33.3%after foam filling.The total energy absorption increases by 22.6%,and the energy absorption effect and buffering performance are obviously improved through data analysis.Experimental research and analysis show that the initial supporting force of the device increases significantly after optimization,and the displacement of the initial supporting force is basically at 0.5 cm,and the fluctuation and stability can better meet the needs of the project.Energy absorption during clamp opening increases by 4.3%.The energy absorption of foamed materials increases by 30.5%.Total energy absorption increases by 21.2%.In the stationary stage,the load fluctuation coefficient decreases by 9.3%.Buffer effect impulse increases by 21.6%.The maximum load fluctuation value decreases by more than half.After optimization,most of the shock load of the buffer device can be applied to the energy-absorbing material,and the energy-absorbing material can be easily removed and replaced.Compared with the original device,the service life of the device is increased.The rigid-flexible coupling support system is composed of energy-absorbing and buffering devices and the filling materials can effectively enhance the impact resistance of columns and reduce various losses caused by rock burst accidents to a certain extent.