2018-2019年上海地区儿童流行性感冒流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza infection among children in Shanghai from 2018 to 2019

目的探讨2018-2019年上海地区儿童流行性感冒(流感)流行病学特征,为儿童流感的防控及应对提供参考。方法采用鼻咽拭子取样,检测2018年7月至2019年6月该院收治的89539例流感样儿童的甲、乙型流感病毒抗原的阳性情况,比较不同性别、不同年龄组的差异。结果甲型流感病毒和乙型流感病毒各有高峰期,分别为1、2月和4月;甲型流感病毒感染人数明显多于乙型流感病毒,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);性别间流感病毒感染阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但不同年龄组之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论上海地区此次调查的流感情况呈现出一些新的特征,流感病毒流行分布因年龄、季节的不同而不同。建议加强学龄前儿童尤其是3~5岁儿童的免疫屏障,更新免疫接种策略。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of influenza among children in Shanghai from 2018 to 2019,so as to provide reference for the prevention,control and response of influenza in children.Methods Nasopharyngeal swab samples were used to detect the positive status of influenza A and B virus antigens in 89539 influenza-like children,and the differences between different genders and different age groups were compared.Results The peak periods of influenza A virus and influenza B virus were in January to February and April,respectively.The number of influenza A virus infections was significantly higher than that of influenza B virus infections(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of influenza virus infection in gender(P>0.05),but there were significant differences between different age groups(P<0.01).Conclusion The epidemiology of influenza surveyed in this Shanghai presents some new characteristics;the prevalence of influenza virus varies with age and season.It is recommended to strengthen the immune barrier of preschool children,especially those aged 3-5 years,and update the immunization strategy.