历史的沉思:医学伦理学与生命伦理学学科特点及定位

Historical Meditation:Characteristics and Orientation of Medical Ethics and Bioethics

对医学伦理学与生命伦理学学科的特点及定位进行再认识,是推动两个学科发展的理性前提。再认识需要历史视野,即将其置于该学科发展尤其是生成该学科的实践资源演变的历史长河中加以动态考察。研究表明,医学伦理学具有在传承中追求完善的职业实践性系列特点,定位为医学与伦理学交叉学科不存异议,将其称为人文医学学科具有创新价值,但需充分论证;生命伦理学虽同医学伦理学联系密切且有所重叠,但却具有追踪生命科学发展前沿的专业实践性系列特点,因而可将其定位为生命科学、伦理学、医学伦理学等相互交叉的新学科。

Re-understanding the characteristics and orientation of medical ethics and bioethics is the rational premise to promote the development of the two disciplines.The re-understanding needs a historical perspective,which should be dynamically examined in the development of the discipline,especially in the long history of the evolution of the practical resources that generated the discipline.The research shows that medical ethics is characterized by a series of professional practices in pursuit of perfection in the process of inheritance.Named it as an interdisciplinary subject of medicine and ethics is without any objection.Named it as a humanistic medicine is of innovative value,but it needs to be fully demonstrated.Although it is closely related to and overlaps with medical ethics,bioethics has a series of characteristics on professional practice that tracks the frontier of life science development,so it can be positioned as a new discipline that is mutually generated by life science,ethics and medical ethics.