运动中运动负荷的调节与控制

Regulation and Control of Exercise Load in Sports

分析运动中不同程度运动负荷对锻炼目的和提升训练效果的影响,进而探索运动负荷的调节和控制的标准。文章采用样本研究的方法,运用运动后分析心率变异性的方法来确定运动负荷的实用性和可靠性。所有测量均在阻力训练结束之前和之后以及在1 d的被动休息(C 1)或2 d的被动休息(C 2)的训练结束后的24 h和48 h获得。实验结果显示,在所有运动项目中,无氧运动的生理运动负荷最高,连续性运动的心理运动负荷最高。不论运动强度和持续时间如何,运动后心率变异性指标相邻心跳间期差值均方的平方根(RMSSD)的重新激活程度均大幅下降至平均值。得出结论:(1)在运动的最后5 min和恢复的前30 min内能够较为准确的测量出运动负荷上限;(2)在运动中,对于运动负荷的控制要高于标准值,低于最高值;(3)必须在运动过程中,勤于调整负荷量,针对个人负荷量的程度调整和控制运动负荷,才能达到锻炼的目的和提升训练效果。

To explore the influence of exercise load on physical training and training effect,the regulation and control of exercise load were studied with heart rate variability.The measurements were conducted before and after the resistance training and 24 h and 48 h after the training after 1 or 2 days passive recovery.The results showed that the physiologic load of anaerobic exercises was the highest and the mental exercise load of continuous exercises was the highest.Regardless of exercise intensity and duration,the RMSSD value dropped significantly to the mean.It is concluded that the upper limit of exercise load can be measured accurately in the last 5 minutes of exercise and in the first 30 minutes of recovery.The exercise load should be controlled higher than the standard value and lower than the maximum value.The exercise load must regulate according to the degree of individual load.