北洋政府时期私立高校的历史考察

A Historical Survey of Private Colleges and Universities in the Northern Warlords Government Period

民国建立后,私立高校发展迅速,过程大致分为开始起步(1912—1916年)和快速发展(1917—1928年)两大阶段。其发展的主要原因为:近代以来蓬勃兴起的救亡图存运动是私立高校创办的根本动因;清末“新政”的推行以及官方的资助为私立高校的创办提供了政治保证;新的政体建立与军阀之间的混战为私立高校带来了广阔的发展空间;民族资本主义经济发展所导致的私人资本增加为私立高校的发展提供了经济基础;风起云涌的各种教育思潮为私立高校的发展奠定了思想基础;西方教会高等学校的兴办为私立高校的发展起到了榜样作用。北洋政府时期私立高校的发展呈现了办学类型的多元性,经费筹措渠道的多样性,办学精神与品格的奉献性,教学管理的严格性,政府鼓励与放任的两重性,布局与专业结构的不平衡性,办学能力的脆弱性以及水平的低下性等基本特点。

After the establishment of the Republic of China,there was a boom of private universities,whose development can be divided into 2 periods:the burgeoning stage(1912—1916)and the growing stage(1917—1928).Such a boom mainly resulted from:first,the political guarantee in the implementation of the“New Deal”in the late Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China;second,the economic foundation offered by the increasing private wealth in the development of national capitalist economy;third,the ideological foundation resulted from the various educational thoughts;fourth,the social atmosphere created by the unprecedented upsurge of the political enthusiasm of intellectuals;fifth,the example universities established by western churches in China.And the development of private colleges and universities in the Northern Warlords Government Period featured the following historical characteristics:the diversity of founders,the imbalance of the layout and structure of disciplines,the duality of government's encouragement and laissez-faire,and the inferior quality of running schools.At the same time,these private colleges and universities had cultivated a large number of outstanding talents for the national rejuvenation,independence and prosperity,and promoted the development of Chinese education.