论自动驾驶事故责任救济中的政府机制

On Governmental Mechanism in Remedy for Liability of Automatic Driving Accident

产品责任能够发挥责任威慑与制度激励的双重作用,可作为自动驾驶交通事故责任救济的归责基础,但产品责任机制不论在其结构还是功能方面都存在许多无法圆满回应自动驾驶风险挑战的问题。政府可以通过“辅助侵权法机制实施”和“补强侵权法功能实现”两种方式参与自动驾驶交通事故责任救济,并可围绕两种方式分别设置实施机制。出于对政府介入的本能警惕,在没有显著失灵的情况下,通过产品责任发挥自身的激励性作用仍是第一序位的。即使需要发挥政府作用,为限制溢出效应设置规则也是必要的。

Although the manufacturer's liability,as a basis of remedy for liability of automatic driving accident,could play a dual role of responsibility deterrence and system incentive,it is clear that there are certain problems in this system that cannot fully respond to the challenges of automatic driving risks,neither in structure nor in function.The government could,through“assisting the implementation of tort law mechanism”and“strengthening the realization of tort law function”,participate in the remedy for liability of automatic driving accident,as well as set up detailed implementation mechanism around the above-mentioned two patterns respectively.Out of instinctive vigilance against governmental intervention,it is still the top option for us to play the incentive role of manufacturer's liability before it proves to be otherwise in the market.Nevertheless,before we have to play the role of government,we should set up relevant rules to restrict the spill-over effect.