核酸检测技术在山东省济南地区献血者血液筛查中的应用效果

Application efficiency of nucleic acid testing in blood screening of blood donors in areas of Ji’nan City in Shandong Province

目的分析核酸检测技术(NAT)在山东省济南地区无偿献血者血液筛查中的应用效果。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测2015—2017年济南地区无偿献血者血液样本,对单试剂反应性和双试剂无反应性样本进行核酸检测,分析乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、抗丙型肝炎病毒(抗-HCV)、抗人类免疫缺陷病毒/人类免疫缺陷病毒(抗-HIV/HIV) ELISA检测无反应性样本的核酸检测结果。结果 2015—2017年山东省血液中心共筛查济南地区无偿献血者样本282 456份,检测出ELISA(HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV/HIV)反应性样本1 638份,3种ELISA项目的总反应性率为0.58%;280 818例ELISA 3项(HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV/HIV)无反应性样本中检出NAT反应性105例,NAT检测结果总反应性率为0.37‰。结论 ELISA检测无反应性血液样本仍存在经输血传播疾病的风险,开展NAT检测可以缩短ELISA检测的"窗口期",提高血液样品的安全性。

Objective To analyze the efficiency of nucleic acid testing(NAT)in blood screening of blood donors in areas of Ji’nan City in Shandong Province.Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect blood samples of unpaid blood donors from 2015 to 2017 in areas of Jinan City.Nucleic acid detection was carried out for the single reagent reactive and double reagent nonreactive samples,and the nucleic acid detection results of non-reactive samples with detections of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag),anti-hepatitis C virus(anti-HCV),anti-human immunodeficiency virus/human immunodeficiency virus(anti-HIV/HIV)by ELISA were analyzed.Results From 2015 to2017,there were 282456 screened blood samples of blood donors in Blood Center of Shandong Province,and 1638 reactive samples(HBs Ag,anti-HCV,anti-HIV/HIV)were detected by ELISA,with a total response rate of 0.58%.Totally 105 NAT reactive samples were detected from 280818 non-reactive samples with detections of three ELISA items(HBs Ag,anti-HCV,anti-HIV/HIV),and the total response rate of NAT results was 0.37‰.Conclusion The risk of diseases transmitted by blood transfusion still exists in the condition of using non-reactive blood samples detected by ELISA,and application of NAT detection can shorten the"window period"of ELISA detection and improve the safety of blood samples.