黄河流域水资源-能源-粮食纽带关系研究

Study on Water⁃Energy⁃Food Nexus Relationship of the Yellow River Basin

黄河流域是中国重要的能源基地和粮食主产区,而水资源短缺使流域可持续发展面临严峻挑战。为评估流域能源、粮食生产耗水与区域水资源之间的平衡关系,基于2007-2017年黄河流域9省(区)能源耗水量和粮食耗水量,对耗水压力的时空格局演化特征进行综合研判。结果表明:在研究期内,黄河流域能源耗水量和粮食耗水量都呈现波动上升趋势;山东省多年平均能源耗水量和多年平均粮食耗水量最高;流域平均单位粮食产量蓝水足迹为0.37 m3/kg,中下游区单位粮食产量蓝水足迹明显高于上游区的;基于虚拟水视角和实体水(蓝水足迹)视角所得到的粮食生产耗水量数据,构建了两种水压力指数评价方案,两种方案均显示出水压力指数呈逐年上升的趋势,但方案一显示各省(区)均处于低耗水压力区,方案二显示水压力指数具有明显的空间差异性。

The Yellow River Basin is an important energy base and main grain⁃producing area in China,but the water shortage makes the sus⁃tainable development of the basin facing severe challenges.In order to evaluate the balance amang energy,water consumption in grain pro⁃duction and regional water resources in the Yellow River Basin,this paper conducted a comprehensive study and judgment on the evolution characteristics of the spatial⁃temporal pattern of water consumption pressure based on the energy and grain water consumption in 9 provinces and regions of the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2017.The results show that during the study period,the total energy consumption and the total grain consumption in the Yellow River Basin both show an upward trend in fluctuation.The perennial average water consumption of ener⁃gy and grain is the highest in Shandong Province.The average blue water footprint of unit grain yield in this basin is only 0.37 m3/kg.In spa⁃tial distribution,the blue water footprint of unit grain yield in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin is significantly higher than that in the upper reaches.Based on the water consumption data of grain production from the perspective of virtual water and solid water(blue water footprint),two evaluation schemes of water pressure index are constructed.The results show that the two schemes reflect the in⁃creasing trend of water pressure index year by year,but the results of the two schemes are quite different,scheme 1 shows that all regions are in low water consumption pressure area and scheme 2 shows that water pressure index has more obvious spatial difference.