御寇与弭盗:吴潜任职沿海制置使与晚宋海防困局

To defense against aggressors and dispel pirates:Wu Qian was appointed as Coastal Military Commissioner and the difficulties of the coastal defense in the late Song Dynasties

南宋、明代中后期和近代,是中国历史上海防问题最为突出的三个时期。从南宋时起,海防上升到国防的高度。然而与后两个时期不同的是,南宋海防的主要威胁来自北方的少数民族政权。随着南宋与北方金、蒙(元)政权关系的变化,海防形势及沿海制置司的职任也发生了变化,影响及于南宋末年。在与蒙古的战争中,南宋朝廷下达严防海道的命令,但沿海的防卫力量却不断遭到削弱。作者从晚宋担任沿海制置使的吴潜入手,梳理其任职期间的海防经略举措及经略重点,分析晚宋海防的问题所在。

Through Chinese history, the Southern Song Dynasty, mid-and late Ming Dynasty, and Modern Time(1840-1945) were the three periods in which the problem of coastal defense became salient. The coastal defense became as important as national defense in the Southern Song Dynasty. Unlike the latter two periods,the main threat to coastal defense in the Southern Song Dynasty was from the northern nomadic regimes. As the relationships between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin and Mongolian(Yuan) regimes changed, the situation of coastal defense and the tasks of the Coastal Military Commission(yanhai zhizhi si)kept on changing, and its influence lasted till the later years of the dynasty. In the war with the Mongolians, the imperial court had issued an order to strengthen the sea defense. However, the coastal defense forces were constantly weaken. The article takes Wu Qian who served as Coastal Military Commissioner(yanhai zhizhi shi) as an entry point to make clear his measures and priorities during his tenure, and finally, analyzes the problems of the coastal defense in the late Song Dynasty。