机插水稻侧深施肥及其对水稻和环境的影响研究

Research Progress on Side Deep Fertilization of Machine-transplanted Rice

长期以来,我国机插水稻生产中氮肥施用方式以人工撒施为主,存在劳动强度高、氮肥利用率低、肥施用严重过量等问题。随着我国经济与机械产业的发展,机插水稻侧深施肥技术逐渐新兴起来,有效解决了人工撒施氮肥产生的各种问题。本文从机插水稻侧深施肥技术模式、侧深施肥技术的应用对水稻产量及产量构成、稻米品质、水稻生长发育、氮肥利用率、温室气体排放等方面的影响进行分析和总结,以期为水稻节肥增效技术研究提供理论依据。

For a long time,the main way of nitrogen application in the rice production of machine-transplanted rice in China is artificial broadcast,which has problems such as high labor intensity,low nitrogen utilization rate and excessive nitrogen application.With the development of China’s economy and machinery industry,the technology of side deep fertilization of machine-transplanted rice is emerging gradually,which effectively solved the various problems caused by artificial application nitrogen fertilizer.This paper analyzed and summarized the side deep fertilization technology model and the effects of application of side deep fertilization technology on rice yield and yield components,grain quality,growth and development,nitrogen utilization rate and emission of greenhouse gases etc.,in order to provide theoretical basis for the research of rice fertilizer saving and efficiency increasing technology.