海德格尔的思想“方法”:形式显示和返回步伐

Heidegger’s Ideological“Method”:Formal Display and Return Step

海德格尔的思想进程也具有“方法”特征,他的方法显示为“道路”或“路标”等倾向,而不同于“逻辑方法”和“科学方法”。在1920年至1929年期间,海德格尔主要使用了“形式显示”(formale Anzeige)的“现象学-解释学”方法和“还原、建构、解构”的现象学方法。在1930年代以后,海德格尔不再明显地提起“形式显示”,后期更多地采用“返回步伐”(Schritt zurück)来追问“存在本身”。形式显示在“现象学”上具有独创性,现象学“解构”也是别具一格,返回步伐在“存在之思”方面更是独一无二。形式显示和返回步伐在“方法”上有很大差别,所要达到的目的也不尽相同,但在追问“存在的意义”“回到事情本身”等方面,在本质上是一致的。

Martin Heidegger’s thought process is also characteristic of“method”.His method is different from the“logical method”and the“scientific method”,and shows the tendency of“road”or“road sign”.In 1920-1929,Heidegger mainly used the phenomenological-hermeneutic method of“formal display”(formale Anzeige)and phenomenological method of“reduction,construction and deconstruction”.He no longer explicitly mentioned“formal display”after the 1930s.In the later stage,he mainly used the“return step”(Schritt zurück)to inquire about“Being in its own right”.Phenomenologically,the method of formal display is original,so is its“deconstruction”.The return step is also unique in its“thinking of existence”.In spite of their differences in methods and goals,formal dispaly and return step are essentially consistent in terms of inquiring the“meaning of existence”and“returning to the things themselves”.