从“文本阐释”到“自我阐释”——王阳明经典阐释学思想的实践性品格

From “Text Interpretation” to “Self Interpretation” ——Practicality of Wang Yangming’s Classical Hermeneutics

在儒学经典阐释学的历史上,"汉学"与"宋学"分别代表两种阐释模式。前者坚持"章句训诂"之路,称为传注或注疏之学,以"我注六经"为己任;后者则坚持"发明本心"门径,名曰心性之学,以"学作圣人"为鹄的。在"宋学"系统中又有两种不同的阐释方式:一者以程朱为代表,主张从文本阐释而达于自我阐释,所谓"格物致知";一者以陆王为代表,主张以自我阐释统摄文本阐释,所谓"致良知"。王阳明关于"自我阐释"有系统阐述,在突破传统儒学思维方式、张扬个体主体精神方面起到了划时代作用。

In the history of classical hermeneutics of Confucianism, "Sinology" and "Song studies" respectively represent two modes of interpretation. The former adheres to the road of "exegesis of chapters and sentences", which is called the study of annotation or simply annotation, and takes "I annotate the six classics" as its own duty;the latter sticks to the path of "inventing the original mind", which is called the study of mind and nature, and takes "learning to be a saint" as its goal. In the system of "Song studies", there are two different ways of interpretation: one is represented by Cheng and Zhu who advocate self interpretation from text interpretation, the so-called "seeking knowledge from things";the other is represented by Lu and Wang who advocate self interpretation over text interpretation, the so-called ‘giving conscience". Wang Yangming’s systematic exposition of "self interpretation"played an epoch-making role in breaking through the traditional Confucian mode of thinking and publicizing the spirit of individual subject.