福州市公园外来入侵植物初步调查与分析

Preliminary investigation and analysis of alien invasive plants in parks in Fuzhou City

【目的】了解福州市公园的外来入侵植物种类组成,分析其原产地及入侵等级等情况,能够为福州外来入侵植物的扩散、防控以及生物多样性保护提供参考依据。【方法】对福州市4个区49个公园的外来入侵植物种类、原产地、生活型、入侵频度、危害程度(入侵等级)等进行调查和分析。【结果】在调查的福州市所有公园内均有入侵植物分布,目前有入侵植物66种,隶属25科,其中菊科、豆科、苋科3个科为优势科,共计33种(占50.00%);从来源上看,大多数原产于美洲,其次是非洲、欧洲、亚洲;以草本植物为主,共有55种(占83.30%);从入侵频度看,入侵频度超过50%的入侵植物有7种,其中小蓬草的频度最高,为87.76%;从入侵等级来看,其中恶性(1级)入侵植物16种,严重(2级)入侵植物14种,局部(3级)入侵植物12种,一般(4级)入侵植物11种,有待观察类(5级)13种。【结论】当前福州市公园内的外来植物入侵现象比较严重,应当加强该区域的入侵植物监测与预警,防止入侵植物扩散从而造成重大生态危害。

【Aim】Understanding the species composition of invasive plants in Fuzhou and analyzing their origin and invasion level can provide reference for their prevention and control and biodiversity protection in Fuzhou.【Method】This paper investigated and analyzed the species,origin,life history and degree of invasiveness of plants in 49 parks in 4 districts of Fuzhou.【Result】Invasive plants were distributed in all the parks investigated.There were 66 invasive plant species in Fuzhou,belonging to 25 families.Asteraceae,Leguminosae and Amaranthaceae were the dominant families,33 species in total,accounting for 50.00%of the total number of invasive plants.Most of the invasive plants were native to America,followed by Africa,Europe and Asia.There were 55 herbaceous species,accounting for 83.30%of the total invasive species.According to the level of invasiveness,each species was classified into one of 5 categories:16 species of agressive invasive plants(grade 1),14 species of serious invasive plants(grade 2),12 species of local invasive plants(grade 3),11 species of general invasive plants(grade 4)and 13 species requiring further analysis(grade 5).【Conclusion】Invasive plants in Fuzhou are a serious issue,and monitoring and early warning of invasion are needed to prevent their spread and causing major ecological problems.