地震逆散射偏移与反演综述

Review of seismic inverse scattering migration and inversion

随着油气勘探领域逐渐向深层、复杂型、隐蔽性油气藏转移,油气资源的勘探难度越来越大,传统反射地震勘探技术难以满足日益增长的油气勘探需求,亟需发展适合复杂地质构造的地震波偏移反演新技术.针对地球深部非均匀结构体引起的地震散射波,发展地震逆散射偏移反演理论和技术将有可能解决复杂构造成像反演的技术难题.本文回顾地震波逆散射偏移反演理论的发展历史和基本原理,以逆广义Radon变换求解线性化逆散射问题为基础,介绍逆散射理论在介质结构成像、物性参数反演、多次波衰减等方面的技术延伸,同时将其应用到合成数据和实际数据资料,探讨地震勘探逆散射方法的技术优势和应用潜力.

With the shifting toward deeper,geologically more complex,and more subtle hydrocarbon reservoirs than before,the exploration of oil and gas resources is becoming more and more difficult.The traditional seismic reflection exploration technology can hardly meet the increasing demand for oil and gas,and it is urgent to develop new seismic migration and inversion technologies adapted to complex geological structures.In view of the seismic scattered waves caused by heterogeneous structures in the deep part of the earth,it is possible to solve the technical problems for imaging complex geological structures by developing the seismic inverse scattering migration inversion theory and technology.This paper reviews the development history and basic principles of seismic inverse scattering migration and inversion theory,based on the inverse generalized Radon transform to solve the linearized seismic inverse scattering problem,introduces the technical extension in the geological structure imaging,inversion for petrophysical parameters,multiple attenuation and so on.At the same time,the application to synthetic and real data is also presented,in which the technical advantages and application potential of the inverse scattering method are discussed.