嗜冷黄杆菌及细菌性冷水病的研究进展

Research progress on Flavobacterium psychrophilum and bacterial coldwater disease:a review

嗜冷黄杆菌Flavobacterium psychrophilum是细菌性冷水病(Bacterial cold water disease,BCWD)或虹鳟鱼苗综合征(Rainbow trout fry syndrome,RTFS)的病原,主要感染鲑科鱼类幼鱼并可导致较高的死亡率,该菌地理分布广泛,亦可感染非鲑科鱼类并造成疾病。BCWD又称低温病,通常在3~15℃时发生流行,其典型的临床症状包括尾柄部腐蚀、皮肤溃疡、鳃苍白、脾肿大、腹水和螺旋式游泳行为等。目前,对嗜冷黄杆菌及BCWD的研究主要集中在遗传多样性、耐药性、致病性和免疫防控等方面,而关于嗜冷黄杆菌的致病机制仍不够清晰。本文综述了嗜冷黄杆菌的分类地位、生物学性状、致病机制,以及BCWD的流行病学和防控技术,以期为BCWD的防控提供科学参考。

Flavobacterium psychrophilum as a causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease(BCWD)and rainbow trout fry syndrome(RTFS)mainly infects juvenile salmonids,with high level of mortality and huge economic losses in salmonid aquaculture worldwide.F.psychrophilum is characterized by a broad geographical distribution and prevalence of disease in non-salmonid fishes including low temperature disease usually found at water temperature of 3-15℃,with the typical clinical signs of caudal peduncle erosion,skin ulcerations,pale gills,enlarged spleen,ascites and spiral swimming behavior.At present,research on F.psychrophilum and BCWD mainly focuses on the genetic diversity,antimicrobial susceptibility,pathogenicity,immunization and prevention.However,the pathogenisis of F.psychrophilum is still unclear.This paper reviews the taxonomic status,biological characteristics and pathogenicity of F.psychrophilum and summarizes the epidemiology,prevention and control techniques of BCWD in order to provide reference for the control of this disease.