论史蒂文·卢克斯对马克思主义道德观的诠释及其困境

On Steven Lukes’s Interpretation about Marxist Moral View and His Dilemma

在英美分析马克思主义学界针对马克思主义道德观的论战中,史蒂文·卢克斯独辟蹊径,提出应该区分法权的道德和解放的道德,并且马克思主义批判的是法权的道德,赞成的是解放的道德,两者并不矛盾;卢克斯还进一步提出,如果在实践中拒斥法权的道德,就会使解放的道德缺乏现实可行性而成为空想。卢克斯对马克思主义道德观的二维阐释很有启发意义,促使学界要对马克思主义道德观开展多维度研究,但他没有准确把握法权的道德和解放的道德的内涵及其逻辑关联,人为地造成了两者之间的分离和对立,也使得自己陷入进退两难的理论困境中,而这一问题只有在唯物史观视角下充分把握马克思主义道德观的内涵和实质才能加以破解。

In the debate of Marxist moral View among British and American analytical school of Marxism,Steven Lukes has argued that the morality of legal right and that of the emancipation should be distinguished.What Marxism criticizes is the morality of legal right and what Marxism favors is the morality of emancipation,which are not contradictory.Lukes also suggests that if the morality of legal right is rejected in practice,the morality of emancipation will become impractical and fanciful.Lukes’s two-dimensional interpretation for Marxist moral view is enlightening,which could prompt a multidimensional study on this topic.But he fails to grasp the real connotation and relationship of the two moralities,which has caused their separation and opposition,and made himself fall into the theoretical dilemma.This problem can only be solved by fully grasping the connotation of Marxist moral view from the perspective of historical materialism.