气候与人口:历史学视域下“农牧交错带”研究基本线索考察及反思

Climate and population:Investigation and reflection on the basic clues of the study of the farming-pastoral ecotone in the perspective of history

以往有关历史时期农牧交错带及相关问题研究中,气候与人口因素是两条基本线索,但是通过对时空维度下农牧交错带变迁考察可以发现,气候与人口因素的影响各有偏重,且在不同时期影响程度也有差别。因而本文在考察气候与人口因素对历史时期农牧交错带变迁影响的基础上,认为有三个关键点应加以关注:(1)要区别对待气候与人口因素在不同历史时期的影响程度;(2)注重农牧交错带变动的核心区域“边界地带”;(3)农牧业选择对农牧交错带环境景观变化与生态系统变迁的关系。

In the past studies on the farming-pastoral ecotone and related issues in the historical period,climate and population factors are two basic clues.However,through the study of the transition of farming-pastoral ecotone in the space-time dimension,it can be found that the effects of climate and population factors are different.It is biased and the degree of influence varies in different periods.Therefore,on the basis of investigating the influence of climate and population factors on the changes of the farming-pastoral ecotone in the historical period,this paper believes that there are three key points that should be paid attention to:first,we must treat differently the influence degree of climate and population factors in different historical periods;second,pay attention to the“boundary zone”,which is the core area of the agro-pastoral ecotone;third,pay attention to the relationship between the choice of agriculture and animal husbandry and the change of environmental landscape and ecosystem change in the agro-pastoral ecotone.