取食和交配对苹小吉丁飞行能力的影响

Effects of feeding and mating on the flight capacity of Agrilus mali(Coleoptera:Buprestidae)

【目的】苹小吉丁Agrilus mali是一种严重危害苹果树的钻蛀性害虫。本研究旨在明确苹小吉丁的飞行扩散能力及对其飞行能力产生影响的关键因子。【方法】以SUN-FL型智能飞行磨系统对苹小吉丁不同日龄雌雄成虫的飞行能力进行了测定,同时评价了取食和交配情况对其飞行能力的影响。【结果】苹小吉丁飞行能力均随日龄的增加先增强后逐渐降低,初羽化的成虫飞行能力最低,11日龄成虫的飞行能力最强。雌成虫飞行能力强于雄成虫。在24 h内雌雄成虫的最长飞行距离分别为0.4165和0.3559 km;最长飞行时间分别为0.4582和0.4873 h;最大飞行速度分别为2.4639和1.8561 km/h。取食的3日龄雌成虫的平均飞行距离和平均飞行时间分别为0.047 km和0.048 h,雄成虫的分别为0.044 km和0.042 h;而未取食的雌成虫平均飞行距离和平均飞行时间仅分别为0.016 km和0.013 h,雄成虫的仅分别为0.013 km和0.012 h。交配对飞行能力的影响存在性别差异,已交配雌成虫的飞行能力要强于未交配雌成虫的,而已交配雄成虫的飞行能力却低于未交配雄成虫的。【结论】日龄对苹小吉丁成虫的飞行能力影响作用显著。取食显著提高苹小吉丁雌雄成虫的飞行能力,交配显著提高雌成虫飞行能力。

【Aim】Agrilus mali is a burrowing pest that can wreak havoc on apple trees.The study aims to determine the flight dispersion capability of A.mali and the key factors affecting its flight capability.【Methods】The flight capabilities of different day-old male and female adults of A.mali were measured by SUN-FL intelligent flight grinding system,and the effects of feeding and mating conditions on their flight performance were also evaluated.【Results】The flight capability of A.mali adults increased and then declined with the increase of age.The newly-emerged adults had the lowest flight capacity,and the 11-day-old adults had the strongest flight capability.Females had a greater flight capacity than males.The maximum flight distance of female and male adults within 24 h was 0.4165 and 0.3559 km,the maximum flight duration was 0.4582 and 0.4873 h,and the maximum flight speeds were 2.4639 and 1.8561 km/h,respectively.The average flight distance and duration of the 3-day-old female adults with feeding were 0.047 km and 0.048 h,respectively,and those of males were 0.044 km and 0.042 h,respectively,while the average flight distance and duration of the 3-day-old female adults without feeding were only 0.016 km and 0.013 h,and those of males were only 0.013 km and 0.012 h,respectively.Mating had different effects on the flight capacities of female and male adults.The flight capacity of the mated females was better than that of the unmated females.However,the flight capacity of the mated males was lower than that of the unmated males.【Conclusion】The flight capacity of A.mali adults is heavily dependent on their age.Feeding can significantly improve the flight capacities of both male and female adults of A.mali,and mating can significantly improve the flight capacity of female adults.