西北农村互助养老需求及其 影响因素分析

Analyzing the Demand and Influencing Factors of Rural Mutual Aid for the Aged in the Northwest

农村互助养老作为新型养老模式的出现,目前有效缓解了农村养老困境,如何规范和优化这种模式,使其长效发展是当务之急。对农村老年人的互助养老供给现状、互助养老需求等进行描述统计分析,处于初级阶段的农村互助养老服务存在供需不平衡、互助参与度低、空间设施不规范、对社会养老服务满意度较低等问题。在描述统计分析基础上,以个体状况、家庭状况、经济状况、精神状况、公共设施状况等指标中选择诸多变量进行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析,农村老年人互助养老需求在精神慰藉、文化娱乐、日常生活、医疗体检康复四个维度受养老收入、居住方式、子女不在身边、互助设施需求影响最为显著。基于需求导向,提出建立农村互助养老机制,大力发扬乡村孝文化及互助文化,并结合老人身心、居住、交往特点提出适老化互助养老设施构建建议。

The emergence of rural mutual aid pension as a new pension model has effectively alleviated the plight of rural pension.How to standardize and optimize this model and make it develop for a long time is an urgent task.Based on the description and statistical analysis of the supply status and demand of the rural elder⁃ly,it is found that there are some problems in the primary stage of rural mutual pension service,such as the imbalance of supply and demand,the low degree of participation in mutual assistance,the nonstandard space facilities,and the low satisfaction degree of social pension service.On the basis of descriptive statistical analy⁃sis,multiple variables were selected from individual,family,economic,mental and public facilities status,and other indicators for various factor unconditional Logistic regression analysis.The rural elderly mutual care needs in four dimensions concerning spiritual comfort,cultural entertainment,daily life,medical examination and rehabilitation is influenced obviously by pension income,living style,children's absence,demand for fa⁃cilities around and mutual assistance.Based on the demand orientation,this paper puts forward the establish⁃ment of rural mutual aid pension mechanism,vigorously carries forward the rural filial piety culture and mutual aid culture,and raises some suggestions on the construction of elderly mutual care facilities in combination with the physical and mental,living and communication characteristics of the elderly.