牛乳加工过程中的微生物控制

Microorganism control in milk processing

伴随社会经济的发展和人们饮食习惯的改变,牛乳及其制品已成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。牛乳的安全问题一直受到消费者的广泛关注,微生物污染是牛乳加工过程中最重要的质量影响因素,因此对其防控显得尤为重要。本文对牛乳中主要的微生物污染类型进行了介绍,对牛乳生产过程中的质量控制体系建设进行了简要说明,阐明通过有效的杀菌手段和预防控制体系可极大减少牛乳的微生物污染。并对目前主流的牛乳杀菌方法与技术进行了综述,简要介绍了几种杀菌手段的杀菌原理以及优缺点,展示了现代杀菌技术的发展方向。

With the development of social economy and the change of people’s dietary habit,milk and its products have become an indispensable part of people’s daily life.The safety of milk has been widely concerned by consumers.Microbial contamination is the most important influencing factor in the milk processing.Therefore,it is very significant to prevent and control microbial contamination.This paper introduced that the main types of microbial contamination in milk,briefly described the construction of the quality control system in the milk production process and clarified that effective sterilization methods and preventive control systems which could greatly reduce microbial contamination in milk,reviewed the current mainstream milk sterilization methods and technologies,briefly introduced the sterilization principles,merit and demerit of several sterilization methods,and demonstrated the development direction of modern sterilization technologies.