2010—2019年青岛市学生肺结核流行病学特征分析

Characteristics of the tuberculosis epidemic in schools in Qingdao in 2010—2019

作者通过《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》的子系统《结核病信息管理系统》,收集2010—2019年青岛市登记职业为"学生"的患者资料、肺结核登记例数(不包括结核性胸膜炎),以及收集《青岛统计年鉴》学生人口数资料,分析学生肺结核登记情况及流行病学特征。结果显示,2019年学生肺结核登记发病率为11.91/10万(175/1 468 777),较2010年(16.53/10万,212/1 282 589)降低27.95%,呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(Z趋势=-6.567,P<0.001);2010—2019年每年3、4月份为登记发病例数的高峰,在全年中占比为24.42%(443/1814);19~<22岁患者(大学阶段)在报告患者总例数中的占比最高(43.16%,783/1814);被动方式发现1650例,占90.96%(1650/1814);2010—2019年学生患者就诊延迟占比为62.24%(1129/1814)。研究认为,青岛市学生肺结核登记发病率整体处于较低水平,但仍需要继续重视学生肺结核的防控工作,并加强开展健康教育,提高学生的防病意识。

The data of patients registered as "students",the number of registered cases of tuberculosis(excluding tuberculous pleurisy)in 2010—2019 from Tuberculosis Management Information System(TBIMS)and the population data of Qingdao Statistical Yearbook were collected to analyze the registration status and epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis among students.In 2019,the registration rate was 11.91/100 000(175/1 468 777),decreased by 27.95%in comparison with that in 2010(16.53/100 000,212/1 282 589).The overall trend was downward and the difference was statistically significant(Ztrend=-6.567,P<0.001).Annually,March and April were the peak periods for student’s registered cases(24.42%,443/1814).In the constituent ratio for all age groups in the reported cases in students from 2010 to 2019,the highest proportion was at college and junior college stage(19-<22 age groups)with an average of 43.16%(783/1814).One thousand six hundred and fifty cases(90.96%,1650/1814)were detected by passive methods.The patient delay rate of patients was 62.24%(1129/1814).The registration rate of tuberculosis among students in Qingdao was at a low level.It is still necessary to continue to pay attention to the prevention and control of tuberculosis among students,strengthen health education,and improve the awareness of disease prevention among students.