首发脑梗死恢复期患者跌倒恐惧的影响因素分析

Influencing factors of fear of falling in patients with first cerebral infarction in recovery period

目的探讨首发脑梗死恢复期患者跌倒恐惧的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2017年5月—2019年10月山东第一医科大学附属青岛医院神经内科和心内科住院治疗的221例首发脑梗死恢复期患者为研究对象,采用简明国际跌倒效能量表(SFES-I)对患者进行评估,分析首发脑梗死恢复期患者跌倒恐惧的影响因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄、婚姻状况、家庭月收入、跌倒史、合并慢性疾病种数、焦虑程度、抑郁程度、ADL以及步行能力患者的SFES-I得分比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(65~68岁)、婚姻状况、有跌倒史、伴有焦虑、抑郁5个变量进入回归模型,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,有配偶的婚姻状况是患者跌倒恐惧的保护因素(OR<1),而其他4个因素则是患者跌倒恐惧的危险因素(OR>1)。结论年龄、婚姻状况、有跌倒史、伴有焦虑、抑郁是首发脑梗死恢复期患者跌倒恐惧的影响因素,应根据患者不同特征采取有针对性的护理措施。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of fear of falling in patients with first cerebral infarction in recovery period.Methods Using the convenient sampling method,a total of 221 patients with first cerebral infarction who were hospitalized and treated in Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology in Qingdao Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from May 2017 to October 2019 were selected as research objects.Short Falls Efficacy Scale International(SFES-I)was used to evaluate the patients,and the influencing factors of the fear of falling in patients with first cerebral infarction in recovery period were analyzed.Results The results of univariate analysis showed that SFES-I scores of patients with different ages,marital status,family monthly income,history of falls,number of chronic diseases,anxiety,depression,activity of daily living(ADL)limitation and walking ability had statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that five variables including age(65-80),marital status,history of falls,anxiety,and depression were retained in the regression model,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Among them,the marital status of the spouse was the protective factors of fear of falling of patients(OR<1),while the other 4 factors were risk factors of fear of falling of patients(OR>1).Conclusions Age,marital status,history of falling,anxiety,and depression are the influencing factors of falling fear in patients with first cerebral infarction in recovery period,so targeted nursing measures should be taken according to different characteristics of patients.