梅洛-庞蒂的知觉世界理论的意义

The Significance of Merleau Ponty’s Perceptual World Theory

胡塞尔在唱衰传统哲学的三大主题和哲学被边缘化的过程中建立现象学哲学。不过梅洛-庞蒂认为胡塞尔现象学有明显的主客二分倾向,在对胡塞尔的“意识现象学”进行批判性继承的基础上,建立了自己的“知觉现象学”。他通过分析身体意向性和身体图示、身体-主体、语言和言语的关系、身体间性以及肉身理论等问题,建立了知觉世界理论,打破自笛卡尔以来的主客二分的认识问题。他后期企图通过“肉体”来实现由认识论向存在论的转向,实现对传统哲学的超越。虽然由于突然的离世,导致他晚期理论留下了缺憾,他仍被称为“法国最伟大的现象学家”。

Husserl established phenomenological philosophy in the process of criticizing the three main themes of traditional philosophy and philosophy being marginalized.However,Merleau Ponty believes that Husserl's phenomenology has an obvious tendency of dichotomy between subject and object.On the basis of critically inheriting Husserl's phenomenology of consciousness,Merleau Ponty established his own phenomenology of perception.Through the analysis of body intention and body schema,body subject,relationship between language and speech,inter subjectivity and flesh theory,he established the theory of perceptual world and broke the cognitive problem of subject object dichotomy since Descartes.In his later period,he tried to realize the transformation from epistemology to ontology through“flesh”and to transcend the traditional philosophy.Although he died suddenly,there were some defects in his later theory.He is still known as“the greatest phenomenologist in France”.