农村产业融合嬗变:利益联结与生产要素的互动和共演

The Evolution of the Integration of Rural Industry in China: The Interaction and Co-development of Benefit Connection and Production Factors

农村产业融合是我国实现乡村振兴、全面建成小康社会的必由之路。结合1978-2020年现实经济数据的测算结果及相应的理论分析,刻画出我国农村产业融合动态演进的过程与利益关系、生产要素构成相互作用的演化机制及其规律性特征。不同演进阶段的产业融合面临制约融合深化的关键性瓶颈,但伴随我国土地三权分置、集体经济所有制等农村和农业改革,产业融合过程中的利益关系从流通领域转入生产领域并将生产领域和分配领域内在地联系起来,历经“流通性利益联结”到“生产性利益联结”再到“分配性利益联结”的嬗变,构建起更为有效的利益联结机制。在此基础上,不同类型的利益联结驱动生产要素突破区域与产业的界限,带动要素的配置效率和集聚程度逐步提升,推动产业链纵向延伸与产业融合横向扩散。为此,首先,要因地施策地推进农村产业融合,继续突破各地区制约要素集聚的瓶颈;其次,要促进利益关系的平衡发展,探索“生产性、流通性、分配性多方利益结合型联结”,依托农地三权分置改革促进城乡要素的流动与融合;最后,在产业融合过程中,特别是在基础设施建设、农业技术供给、基层治理领域,要更加重视“有为”政府的建设。

The integration of rural industries is the critical way for China to achieve rural revitalization and complete the building of a moderately prosperous society.Combining with the calculation results of real economic data from 1978 to 2020,this paper describes the mechanism and regular characteristics of dynamic evolution of rural industrial integration.Different evolution stages of the industrial integration are facing critical bottleneck hindering the deepening of the fusion,but along with the reform of rural and agricultural,the interest relations in circulation field into pro-duction areas,and construct inner link of production and distribution.The relationship has changed from"circulated benefit"to"productive benefit"and to"distributive benefit",and build up more effective benefit connecting mechanism;On this basis,different types of interest connection drive production factors to break through the boundary between region and industry,promote the allocation efficiency and agglomeration degree of factors to gradually improve,realize the voluntary division of labor in rural industries,and promote the vertical extension of industrial chain and horizontal diffusion of industrial integration.