免疫检查点抑制剂联合治疗在小细胞肺癌中的研究进展

Research Progress of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Combined Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer

小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)以其恶性程度高、易转移、易复发、易耐药等特点而成为预后差的难治性癌症,故极大地限制了新型治疗方法和药物的出现。免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitor,ICI)的问世打破了SCLC几十年来所依赖的依托泊苷联合铂类方案的传统治疗模式,具有显著的治疗效果和广阔的应用前景。但同时,ICI单药治疗效果不佳的问题也浮出水面。因此,ICI与不同机制的ICI、传统化疗药物、放射治疗、靶向药物、以及多种治疗方案联合应用方案应运而出,以达到发挥协同作用、优势互补、降低不良反应等目的。本文对ICI单药或联合治疗SCLC的现有进展、不足以及未来的发展方向进行了阐述,以期对临床工作和研究有所启示。

Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)has become a refractory cancer with poor prognosis due to its high degree of malignancy,easy metastasis,easy recurrence and easy drug resistance,which greatly restricts the emergence of new treatment methods and drugs.The situation was not broken until the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)broke the traditional treatment mode with etoposide combined with platinum which SCLC has relied on for decades.ICI has remarkable therapeutic effect and broad application prospects.Meanwhile,the problem that the efficacy of ICI monotherapy was low also emerge.Therefore,ICI should be developed in combination with ICI of different mechanisms,traditional chemotherapy drugs,radiation therapies,targeted drugs and multiple therapeutic regiments,so as to play a synergistic role,complement each other,and reduce adverse reactions.In this paper,research progress,deficiency and future development of ICI monotherapy or combined treatment for SCLC were reviewed,which is expected to enlighten clinical practice and research.