娱乐化大众意识形态的批判与反思

Criticism and Reflection on the Mass Ideology of Entertainment Orientation

从马克思的观点看,“意识形态”是一个虚假性或者否定性的概念,因为统治阶级通过意识形态这个“中介”向被统治阶级传达他们的思想观点,并宣扬统治阶级的利益便是全社会的普遍的利益,从而为他们的统治制造便利。在吸收借鉴马克思主义意识形态批判的基础上,霍克海默和阿多尔诺将马克思的“异化”理论运用到文化领域,指出意识形态载体的变迁逐渐趋向产业化,它的启蒙功能逐渐削弱,并逐渐走向了启蒙的对立面。霍克海默和阿多尔诺在《启蒙辩证法》中通过对文化工业的探讨,进一步揭穿了文化工业的本质,论述了文化工业所传播的意识形态的娱乐性。然而我们必须看到,随着科学技术的飞速发展,文化工业也体现了人类的技术进步,为大众的精神娱乐提供了基础。

From Marx’s point of view,“ideology”is a false or negative concept,because the ruling class uses the“intermediary”of ideology to convey their ideas and views to the ruled class.They announce that the interests of the ruling class is the universal interest of the whole society so as to facilitate their rule.On the basis of absorbing the critique of Marxist ideology,Horkheimer and Adorno applied Marx’s alienation theory to the cultural field,pointing out that the transition of the ideological carrier is gradually pushed to the orientation of industrialization.Its enlightenment function is gradually weakened and moved towards the opposite side of enlightenment.Horkheimer and Adorno further exposed the essence of culture industry through the discussion of culture industry in Dialectics of Enlightenment and discussed the entertainment of the ideology spread by culture industry.However,we must see that with the rapid development of science and technology,the culture industry also embodies the technological progress of mankind and provides a foundation for the spiritual entertainment of the masses.