菱湖鱼病工作站:现代科学改造中国传统养鱼业的序曲

LINGHU FISH DISEASE RESEARCH STATION:THE OVERTURE OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC TRANSFORMATION OF CHINESE TRADITIONAL FISH FARMING INDUSTRY

1953年,为帮助菱湖鱼农解决鱼病问题,中国科学院水生生物研究所在浙江省吴兴县菱湖镇建立了中国第一个鱼病工作站。自1953年5月成立至1956年3月撤离菱湖的近3年间,以倪达书为站长的菱湖鱼病工作站科研人员以四大家鱼为主要对象,在菱湖及周边养鱼区开展了鱼病病原调查、防治试验和门诊,在病原的分类鉴定和有效杀灭药物的筛选等方面取得了较大进展,对十几种流行广、危害大的主要鱼病,结合群众养鱼经验并通过试验研究,找到了有一定疗效的药物和治疗方法,总结出一套比较完整的防病养鱼措施并向全国推广,改变了当地鱼农"鱼病不能治"的保守观念,同时还为浙江省和全国各地鱼区培养了大批鱼病防治干部。菱湖鱼病工作站确立了中国鱼病防治的良好传统,开创了中国的鱼病学科,奠定了中国鱼病学基础,并为国内培养了众多鱼病防治人才,可谓现代科学改造中国传统养鱼业的序曲。

In order to help the Linghu fish farmers solve the problem of fish diseases,China’s first fish disease research station in Linghu was established by the Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1953.From the establishment of the station in May 1953 to the evacuation from Linghu in March 1956,the scientific research personnel of Linghu Fish Disease Research Station with Ni Da-Shu as its leader,which took the four major domestic fish species as the main target.They carried out fish disease pathogen investigation,did experiment on the prevention and control of diseases and set up outpatient clinics in Linghu and surrounding fish farming areas.Great progress has been made in terms of classification and identification of pathogens and the screening of effective drugs.With the help of local people’s experience in fish farming and through experimental studies,drugs and methods with certain curative effects were found for a dozen major fish diseases that had been widespread and harmful.A relatively complete set of measures that can help to prevent disease in fish farming have been spread nationwide,and have changed the conservative opinion of local fish farmers.At the same time,they have also cultivated a large number of cadres who are familiar with fish disease prevention and control for fish areas in Zhejiang Province and all over the country.Linghu Fish Disease Research Station has established the tradition of fish disease prevention and control,created the discipline of fish disease in China,and laid the foundation of Chinese fish disease science.The work of this station can be regarded as the overture to the modern science’s transforming of Chinese traditional fish farming.