产业、村社与空间互动视角下“晋江模式”小城镇建成环境形成机制及规划启示——以陈埭镇为例

The Development of Small Towns'Built Environment Under the'Jinjiang Model'from the Perspective of Industry-Village Collective-Space Interaction and Its Planning Implications

福建省晋江地区的农村工业化推动了当地经济的快速发展,也塑造了高密度的半城市化建成环境。本文以其典型代表晋江市陈埭镇为例,从产业、村社、空间三者互动关系的视角,阐释了“晋江模式”下小城镇建成环境的成因机制。改革开放之初,陈埭镇本土的社会资本促成了自下而上的作坊工业兴起,奠定了以村民为主体的产业发展模式,形成了村企合一、家户开发的空间格局;1990年代至2010年,村社基层治理克服外部管制压力,确保了村庄继续作为工业发展的平台,低成本空间得以存续,产业集群由此形成并不断自我强化;2010年至今,陈埭镇步入了产业转型期,在规划缺位与土地产权缺陷的共同作用下,分散的自治开发方式致使人居环境品质下降且再开发难以推进,产业结构由此被锁定,空间对村社和产业构成了负向反馈。本文最后探讨了发达地区小城镇在产业发展过程中如何通过精明的规划干预来实现包容性的增长。

The rural industrialization in Jinjiang region,Fujian Province has promoted the rapid development of the local economy,which has also shaped the high-density,peri-urban built environment.This article takes the typical representative Chendai Town as an example to explain the development of small towns'built environment under the'Jinjiang Model'from the perspective of industry-village collective-space interaction.At the beginning of the reform and opening up,the local social capital of Chendai Town promoted the bottom-up workshop industry,laid the development model with villagers and formed the spatial pattern of the integration of village-enterprise and household development model.From1990 to 2010,under the pressure of external governmental control,the grassroots governance of the village community ensured that the village continued to serve as a platform for industrial development.The low-cost production space survived and the industrial clusters formed and continued to strengthen itself.From 2010 to the present,Chendai Town has entered the stage of industrial transformation.Decentralized autonomous development under the absence of planning and property rights has led to a decline in the quality of human settlements and the difficulty of redevelopment.As a result,the industrial structure is locked-up.The space has negative feedback to the village community and industry.This article also discusses how to achieve inclusive development through smart planning interventions in the development of rural industries.