足月单胎孕妇孕期体重控制对母婴妊娠结局的影响

Effect of full-term single-child maternal weight control on maternal and infant pregnancy outcomes

目的探讨足月单胎孕妇孕期体重控制对母婴妊娠结局的影响。方法采用方便抽样法选取2018年8月至2019年8月在本院妇产科建档的820例孕妇,参考WHO提出的孕期体重增长标准[即孕期增重(△W)=孕前体重-孕期体重]将孕妇分为体重增长不足(△W<15 kg)、体重增长适宜(△W为15~<20 kg)、超重及肥胖(△W≥20 kg),分别将其设为A组(135例)、B组(395例)、C组(290例)。三组孕妇随访至分娩,比较三组的母婴妊娠结局。结果 C组孕妇的孕期高血压、妊娠糖尿病、产程延长、产后出血、剖宫产发生率均高于A、B组(P<0.05)。C组巨大儿、新生儿窒息发生率高于A、B组,A组低出生体重儿发生率高于B、C组(P<0.05)。结论孕期将足月单胎孕妇体重控制在适宜的范围内能有效母婴并发症,改善妊娠结局。

Objective To investigate the effect of full-term single-child maternal weight control on maternal and infant pregnancy outcomes.Methods A total of 820 cases of pregnant women who registered in gynecology and obstetrics department of our hospital from August 2018 to August 2019 were selected by convenience sampling method.According to the WHO’s standard of weight gain during pregnancy [weight gain during pregnancy(△W) = pregestational weight-gestational weight], the pregnant women were divided into under weight gain(△W<15 kg), moderate weight gain(△W =15~<20 kg), overweight and obesity(△W≥20 kg) and were set as group A(135 cases), group B(395 cases) and group C(290 cases) respectively.The pregnant women of the three groups were followed up until delivery, and the pregnancy outcomes of maternal and infant of the three groups were compared.Results The incidences of pregnancy hypertension,gestational diabetes mellitus, prolonged labor process, postpartum hemorrhage and cesarean section in the group C were higher than those in the group A and group B(P<0.05).The incidences of macrosomia and neonatal asphyxia in the group C were higher than those in the group A and group B, and the incidence of low birth weight infants in the group A were higher than that in the group B and group C(P<0.05).Conclusion During the pregnancy, controlling the weight of full-term single-child pregnant women in an appropriate range can effectively reduce maternal and infant complications and improve pregnancy outcomes.