协效阻燃剂和增韧剂对无卤阻燃PC/ABS合金性能的影响

Effect of Synergistic Flame Retardants and Toughening Agents on Properties of Halogen-free Flame Retardant PC/ABS Alloy

采用双螺杆挤出机制备了无卤阻燃聚碳酸酯(PC)/丙烯腈–丁二烯–苯乙烯塑料(ABS)合金。选用固态磷酸酯阻燃剂为主阻燃剂,研究了协效阻燃剂的种类以及增韧剂的种类对合金材料的熔体流动性能、力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,全氟丁基磺酸钾作为协效阻燃剂时,材料的阻燃性能有明显的提高,并且拉伸强度和流动性能基本没有变化,但韧性有所下降。使用有机硅类阻燃剂作为协效阻燃剂可以提高材料的阻燃性能和韧性,但是加工流动性和拉伸强度降低。三氧化二锑和磷酸酯阻燃剂产生拮抗作用,使得材料的阻燃性能恶化。烯烃类增韧剂的增韧效率最高,但是阻燃性能和流动性能都较差。相比于其它增韧剂,核壳结构的丙烯酸酯–有机硅共聚物阻燃性能最为优异,同时使材料具有较高的缺口冲击强度,增韧效果好于丙烯酸甲酯–丁二烯–苯乙烯三元共聚物。选用全氟丁基磺酸钾作为协效阻燃剂、丙烯酸酯–有机硅共聚物作为增韧剂时,PC/ABS合金材料的缺口冲击强度为35 kJ/m^2,并且阻燃等级(1.6 mm)可以达到UL 94 V–0级。

The halogen-free flame retardant polycarbonate(PC)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic(ABS)alloy was prepared by twin screw extruder.Using solid phosphates as the main flame retardant,the effects of the kinds of synergistic flame retardants and toughening agents on the melt flowing performance,mechanical properties and flame retardancy of the alloy was studied.The results show that,adding potassium perfluorobutylsulfonate can improve the flame retardancy of the alloy and has no effects on tensile strength and flowing performance,but decreases the toughness.Using organosilicon flame retardant as synergistic flame retardant can not only improve the flame retardancy but also increase the toughness of the alloy,but the flowing performance and tensile strength decrease.Antimony trioxide has antagonistic effect with phosphate flame retardant,which worsen the flame retardant performance of the alloy.The toughening efficiencies of olefin toughening agents are the highest,but the flame retardancy and flowing performance of the alloy become poorer.Compared with other toughening agents,the acrylate-organosilicone copolymer with core-shell structure has the best flame retardancy,which makes the alloy has higher notched impact strength,and the toughening effect is better than that of methyl acrylate-butadiene-styrene terpolymer.Choose potassium perfluorobutylsulfonate as synergistic flame retardant and acrylate-organosilicone copolymer as toughening agent,the notched impact strength of the alloy is 35 kJ/m^2,flame retardant grade(1.6 mm)can reach UL 94 V–0.