混采地震数据高效高精度分离处理方法研究进展

Progress in high-efficiency and high-precision separation of blended seismic data

高效率采集是提高“两宽一高”采集效率的有效方式。对高效率地震数据采集和处理方法进行了综述,着重介绍了混采地震数据的高效高精度分离方法研究进展,包括:噪声压制类方法、反演类方法和预测相减类方法,并对各类方法的发展进行了评述。噪声压制类方法效率高、较稳定、易实现;反演类方法可以获得比噪声压制类方法更高信噪比和保真度的结果,但计算效率有待提高;预测相减类方法可以获得精度很高的分离效果,但算法受预测波场精度的影响,稳定性较差。基于3类方法的特点,分析认为多方法联合是混采地震数据分离处理的主要发展方向,多方法联合将进一步提高数据分离的精度和效率,并且适用于复杂地区的混采地震数据分离,从而拓宽“两宽一高”采集方式的应用范围,提高勘探精度,推动行业发展。

Technology for the acquisition of“Broadband,wide-azimuth and high-density”data has significant advantages in improving the quality of seismic data and accuracy of subsurface imaging.In this paper,methods for acquiring and processing high-efficiency seismic data are summarized,and progress in separation methods for blended seismic data are discussed,including denoising,inversion and prediction-subtraction.Denoising methods are stable,exhibit high efficiency,and are easy to implement.Inversion methods can obtain higher signal-to-noise ratios and fidelity than denoising method but incur more expensive computation costs.Prediction-subtraction methods can obtain relatively accurate separation results,but are easily affected by the accuracy of the predicted wave field and have poor stability.Because of the relative advantages and disadvantages of all three approaches,future developments in separation of blended seismic data may be through the combination of several methods.The combined method will improve the accuracy and efficiency of blended seismic data separation and be more robust in complex areas,thus extending the implementation of the technology for the acquisition of broadband,wide-azimuth and high density data.