2型糖尿病病人流感防制相关知识和行为干预效果研究

Study on the intervention effect on the influenza prevention knowledge and behavior among the people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

目的了解南通市50~74岁2型糖尿病病人健康知识和健康行为状况,采用健康教育进行干预,对干预效果进行评价。方法通过多阶段抽样,对调查对象干预前、后的健康知识和健康行为状况进行问卷调查,并分析。结果干预前、后各调查200人,流感的传播途径、流感高发季节、糖尿病病人是否较正常人更容易患流感、是否听说过流感疫苗、不经常锻炼身体的人是否相对较容易感染流感5个问题回答正确率上升,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=7.58,P=0.006;χ^2=15.82,P<0.001;χ^2=6.18,P=0.013;χ^2=48.23,P<0.001;χ^2=10.75,P=0.001);干预后愿意接种流感疫苗比例由19.0%增加至32.0%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=8.90,P=0.003)。结论健康教育干预能有效提高糖尿病病人健康知识知晓率和健康行为形成率,有效提升其流感疫苗接种意愿度,对于完善糖尿病病人健康管理策略具有重要意义。

Objective To understand the status of health knowledge and behavior in the patients aged 50~74 with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM),intervene with health education and assess the intervening effects.Methods Through multistage sampling method,the status of health knowledge and behavior of respondents before and after the intervention was surveyed by questionnaire and analyzed.Results A total of 200 people were investigated before and after the intervention,respectively.The correct rates of five questions rose,including the main routes of influenza transmission,intense seasons of influenza,higher risk of catching influenza among the diabetes patients,knowing of the influenza vaccine,and higher risk of catching influenza among the people with less physical exercise.The differences were statistically significant(χ^2=7.58,P=0.006;χ^2=15.82,P<0.001;χ^2=6.18,P=0.013;χ^2=48.23,P<0.001;χ^2=10.75,P=0.001).The percentage of willingness to inject the influenza vaccine also rose from 19.0%to 32.0%.There was statistically significant difference(χ^2=8.90,P=0.003).Conclusion The intervention of health education can effectively improve the awareness rate of health knowledge and forming rate of healthy behavior among DM patients and enhance their willingness to inoculate the influenza vaccine,which is significant for the improvement of their health management.