CRISPR/Cas9和碱基编辑器——农业动物研究领域的新利器

CRISPR/Cas9 and Base Editors:Novel Sharp Weapons in the Research Areas of Agricultural Animals

简述传统的转基因技术与现代基因组编辑技术在农业领域、特别是农业动物领域的应用情况。先论述了传统的转基因技术及其应用,然后介绍了现代基因组编辑技术及其代表性技术(CRISPR/Cas9)在农业动物研究领域的应用,并阐述了CRISPR/Cas9的衍生技术——碱基编辑器在农业动物研究领域发挥的作用。虽然转基因技术已经发展了近40年,但针对该技术及其产品安全性的争议一直存在,以科普的写作手法,论述了转基因技术和基因组编辑技术在农业动物领域的应用价值。

This article aims to briefly review the evolution of genetic modification from random transformation to precise genome editing in agriculture practices,especially in agricultural animals.The paper firstly described traditional genetic transformation techniques and their practical applications.Then the paper illustrated the recently developed genome editing technologies and the applications of its representative technology(CRISPR/Cas9)in the research areas of agricultural animals.In addition,it described the derivative technology of CRISPR/Cas9-base editors and its roles in the research fields of agricultural animals.Although transgenic technology had been developed for nearly 40 years,there were continuing controversies over the safety of this technology and its products.The review hoped that a broad audience could gain the general understanding of the new gene editing techniques and their values in advancing animal husbandry.