甲壳素/壳聚糖的分离提取方法及在食品工业中的应用研究现状

The separation and extraction methods of chitin/chitosan and its application in food industry

甲壳素是自然界中仅次于纤维素的天然高分子化合物,具有无毒性和生物相容性,脱乙酰基后可产生生物活性更强的壳聚糖,在食品工业具有较好的发展前景。该文首先介绍了甲壳素/壳聚糖的分离提取方法,包括传统的化学法、生物法以及几种新兴的处理提取方如乙二胺四乙酸(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA)法、离子液体法及资源化利用法等;进而综述了甲壳素/壳聚糖在食品工业的应用研究进展,如功能性食品、食品保鲜剂、可食用包装膜、食品絮凝剂、水处理吸附剂等;最后对甲壳素/壳聚糖的工艺改进方法和未来的发展方向进行了展望。旨在为甲壳素/壳聚糖的绿色生产及其在食品工业的应用提供一定的参考。

Chitin is a natural macromolecule compound which is second only to cellulose in nature with nontoxic and biocompatible.With stronger biological activity,chitosan could be produced after deacetylation and had a good development prospect in food industry.The separation and extraction methods of chitin/chitosan were firstly introduced in this article,including the traditional chemical method,biological method and several new processing and extraction methods such as EDTA,iron-liquid and resource utilization method.Further,the applications of chitin/chitosan as functional food,food preservative,edible packaging film,food flocculant,water treatment adsorbent,etc.in food industry were reviewed.Finally,the process improvement methods and future development direction of chitin/chitosan were proposed.This work provides a reference for chitin/chitosan green production and its application in food industry.