特朗普政府的对华科技防范政策探析

Analysis of the Trump Administration’s Technology Containment Policies Against China

科技是推动人类历史发展与国际秩序变革的关键力量,因此大国间竞争离不开对科技主导地位的争夺。美国防范中国科技发展的举措暗合了国际格局演变过程中守成大国倾向于实施科技保护主义政策的规律。2018年以来,通过出口管控、投资审查和签证收紧等方式,美国逐步实施与中国在科技领域"脱钩"的政策,并初步完成防范中国科技发展的战略部署。这是美国从中美战略竞争的角度出发护持自身霸权地位的结果。受此影响,中美两国的部分高科技企业利益受损,全球供应链面临改组,双边科技合作出现停滞。但科技保护主义难以获得盟友和相关国家的全面配合,因此美国难以构建起限制中国科技发展的同盟体系。

Science and technology plays a key role in promoting the progress of human history and the change of international order,so major powers are sparing no efforts to compete for a dominant position in this realm.The US government’s technology containment policies against China imply that an established power tends to implement the technological protectionism amid the evolution of international structure.Since 2018,the US has been trying to decouple itself from China through expert control,investment review and increasing restrictions on visa.The US has already put in place the preliminary strategic policies against China’s technological development.This is the result of the US protecting its hegemonic position from the perspective of strategic competition between China and the US.Consequentially,it will deliver a blow to some high-tech enterprises in both China and the US,reshape the global supply chain,and halt the technological cooperation between the two countries.Considering that the US allies and countries concerned are not likely to risk plunging into the technological protectionism against China,the US will find it hard to form an alliance aimed at containing China’s technological rise.