酸处理对竹原纤维制备及其性能的影响

Effects of acid treatment on preparation and properties of natural bamboo fiber

为解决竹原纤维生产中碱处理+开纤处理工艺存在的问题,采用竹材先进行酸处理再进行碱处理+开纤处理工艺制备竹原纤维,研究酸的种类(盐酸、硫酸、乙二酸)和酸溶液体积分数(0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、4.0%、5.0%)对得纤率及竹原纤维性能的影响。结果表明,当酸溶液体积分数不超过4.0%时,随着酸溶液体积分数增加,得纤率和纤维断裂强度增大,而纤维细度及其方差和纤维残胶率减小;强酸(盐酸、硫酸)溶液的处理效果优于弱酸(乙二酸)溶液;酸处理对竹原纤维的长度和回潮率没有影响。综合考虑竹原纤维的生产能耗、实际应用和纤维性能,提出酸溶液体积分数为4.0%的强酸处理是竹材的最佳酸处理方案。

In order to solve the problems in the alkali treatment and fiber opening process during the production of natural bamboo fiber,the process of bamboo material being treated with acid,alkali and fiber opening was adopted to prepare natural bamboo fiber.The effects of acid types(hydrochloric acid,sulfuric acid,ethylene glycolic acid)and acid solution volume fraction(0.5%,1.0%,2.0%,4.0%,5.0%)on fiber yield and the properties of natural bamboo fiber were studied.The results showed that when the acid solution volume fraction was not more than 4.0%,the fiber yield and the breaking strength of fiber increased with increasing acid solution volume fraction,while fiber fineness and its variance and the residual glue rate of fiber decreased.The treatment effect of strong acid(hydrochloric acid,sulfuric acid)solution was better than that of weak acid(ethylene glycolic acid)solution.Acid treatment had no influence on the length and moisture regain of natural bamboo fiber.In consideration of the energy consumption in production,practical application and fiber properties of natural bamboo fiber,it was pointed out that strong acid treatment with acid solution volume fraction of 4.0%was the best acid treatment scheme for bamboo materials.