商洛核桃提质增效关键技术研究

Key Technology for Improving the Quality and Efficiency of Shangluo Walnut

针对商洛市核桃生产普遍存在的树势衰弱、低产低效、病虫频发、霜冻严重等突出问题,选择有代表性的园地,实施和观察测定了合理修剪、科学施肥、防灾控害等关键技术及其效果,结果为精修剪可以增长新梢长度和粗度,增强树体长势、优化树体结构;综合防治病虫害可以降低核桃黑果率31%,黑斑病发生率88.7%,桑盾蚧杀虫率达到86.7%,其它病虫害发生率下降85%以上;预防晚霜后树体生长正常,长势旺,枯枝少,叶绿,病虫害轻;实施综合管理技术措施单产3316.5 kg·hm^-2,增产42.6%,效果显著;精修剪、巧施肥、防灾控害等综合提质增效关键技术值得推广。

In light of the key problems such as slow growth of fruit trees,weak vigor of tree gwoth,low yield and low efficiency,frequent occurrence of diseases and insects,and severe frost in walnut garden of Shangluo city,we carried out experiments in sample orchard on reasonable pruning,scientific fertilization and disaster prevention and control.The result showed that pruning can improve new shoot,increase the vigor of tree,optimize the structure of tree,reduce the pest infection by 31%,reduce black spot disease by 88.7%,control Pseudaulacaspis pentagona by 86.7%.Due to the prevention measures for spring frost effect,walnut trees grow normally,with less dry twigs and leaves.The yield of walnut can reach 3316.5 kg·hm^-2,42.6%over the past.The integrated technologies including pruning,fertilization and disaster control can be widely spread.