新疆“老汉瓜”类甜瓜品种表型遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis of"Laohan"Muskmelon in Xinjiang Based on Phenotypic Characters

【目的】对新疆厚皮甜瓜中的“老汉瓜”类型(软肉质地)甜瓜表型进行遗传多样性和遗传关系进行分析,为研究该类甜瓜品种资源的评价、分类和品种选育提供理论依据。【方法】以51份新疆栽培甜瓜(其中45份厚皮甜瓜,6份薄皮甜瓜为参照)为研究对象,对其17个质量性状和16个数量性状进行频率分布统计、多样性分析、变异统计、主成分分析以及聚类分析。【结果】供试甜瓜品种的质量性状和数量性状平均多样性指数分别为1.06和1.91,果实的数量性状具有更丰富的多样性;33个表型性状可归纳为6个主成分,累计贡献率达74.01%;R语言软件聚类分析可将参试品种分为Ⅲ大类,类群Ⅰ主要为薄皮甜瓜类型,类群Ⅱ和Ⅲ均为厚皮甜瓜类型,但类群Ⅲ果型较大。【结论】新疆“老汉瓜”类甜瓜品种资源遗传多样性较为丰富,以果实的数量性状最为突出,可分为大果形和小果形2种类型,果肉颜色、外观形状等质量性状多样性也较为丰富,具有新品种选育和改良的充分利用价值。

【Objective】To study the phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity of"Laohan"melon in Xinjiang(soft fleshy texture)by comparing phenotypic traits,in the hope of providing the scientific basis for the evaluation,classification and variety breeding.【Methods】The frequency distribution,diversity analysis,variation statistics,principal component analysis and cluster detection were conducted,which studied seventeen quality characters and sixteen quantitative characters of fifty-one melon varieties(including forty-five muskmelons,six thin-skinned melons as volunteers)in Xinjiang.【Results】The mean diversity indexes of quality characters and quantitative characters of the tested melon varieties were 1.06 and 1.91 respectively,indicating that the fruit had richer diversity of quantitative characters.The results of principal component analysis showed that thirty-three phenotypic characters could be summarized into six principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 74.01%.The fifty-one muskmelon accessions were divided into three groups based on the clustering analysis by igraph software package of R language.GroupⅠincluded thin-skinned melon mainly,GroupⅡandⅢwere all muskmelons,but the fruits of groupⅢwere larger than groupⅡ.【Conclusion】Fresh fruit quantitative characters of the melon varieties had more rich genetic diversity than quality characters.The genetic diversity of"Laohan"melon variety resources in Xinjiang was relatively rich,which could be divided into two types:large fruit type and small fruit type.In addition,the diversity of quality characters such as flesh color and appearance shape was also rich,which had the full utilization value of new variety breeding and improvement.