唐代“当代诗选”与杜诗早期传播

The Contemporary Poem Collections in the Tang Dynasty and the Early Spread of Du’s Poems

自中唐元稹、白居易、韩愈以来,杜甫就是后人仰慕的盛唐诗坛上最耀眼的明星诗人、中心诗人,其光芒有时甚至超过李白。其实,杜甫生前并没有享受这种无限的荣耀,直到八世纪末其盛名才得以确立,而唐人所编诗选正是反映杜诗传播与沉浮的重要指标。《河岳英灵集》《箧中集》《中兴间气集》不收杜诗,各有原因,或因为审美理想,或因为身份地位,或因为人际关系,或因为地域限制,总体上反映出杜诗不被其时主流诗坛认可的实际状况。由盛世到动荡的社会环境变化与儒学复兴的时代思潮变化是杜诗由沉而浮、由晦而显的根本原因。当曾经和杜甫擦肩而过的元结、高仲武以及皎然、刘长卿等人也作古之后,同代人对杜甫的忽视或偏见才会淡化乃至消失。唐德宗贞元(785—805)中期开始,元稹、韩愈等都开始高度评价杜诗。研究杜诗早期传播及其与选本关系会发现一个普遍的文学规律:伟大的作品迟早会突破时代认识的局限、传播的社会与技术局限,经过时光的打磨,如同日、月释放出“光焰万丈长”。

After Yuan Zhen,Bai Juyi and Han Yu in the middle of the Tang Dynasty,Du Fu was regarded as the most glorious poet even eclipsing Li bai.Actually,Du,in his life time,did not enjoy such a glory.His status was not established until the late 8th century.The contemporary poem collections in the Tang Dynasty reflected the early spread of Du’s Poems.The Collection of He Yue Ying Ling,Qiezhong Ji and Zhongxing Jianqi Ji did not collect Du’s poems because of the different aesthetic tastes,Du’s social status,his social relations or the regional limitations.It spoke volumes for Du’s failure to be accepted by the then mainstream poetic circle.The fall of the society from the prosperity to turmoil and the rise of Confucianism were the root cause for the resurrection and popularity of Du’s poems.After the death of Yuan Jie,Gao Zhongwu,Jiao Ran and Liu Changqing,the bias or discrimination against Du started to fade away.Since the middle of the Zhenyuan reign in the Tang Dynasty,Yuan Zhen and Han Yu spoke highly of Du’s poems.The study on the early spread of Du’s poems and its relation with the contemporary collections reveals a common literary rule:great works,sooner or later,will break through the limitations by the era as well as the social and technical restrictions and shine brilliantly as the time goes by.