早期社会心理风险对健康的影响效应——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查数据

The Effect of Early Psychosocial Risks on Health—Based on Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

在老龄化程度持续加深的背景下,“预防为主,减少疾病发生”的健康促进策略被置于优先地位。探究导致老年疾病的早期风险因素,是预防和干预的前提,也是“积极应对人口老龄化”的题中之义。基于全球疾病负担(GBD)的伤残权重评估结果,对中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据中的健康状况赋予伤残权重,并以伤残损失生命年(YLDs)为量化指标,评估早期社会心理风险对老年健康的预测作用。结果表明,早期社会心理风险显著增加老年伤残损失生命年,对于老年高危健康状况也具有显著预测力,并且两者之间的关系是因果性的。此外,研究识别出四项导致老年生命质量严重折损的早期社会心理风险,即身体暴力、童年迁移、母亲精神健康和父亲身体健康。针对这些风险因素的干预措施将有利于延长老年人的健康预期寿命,降低我国未来的养老负担。上述发现对于从个体生命时间上游预防老化疾病的发生,实施“全生命周期健康管理”具有借鉴意义。

In the context of the deepening of aging,the health promotion strategy of“put prevention first,reduce disease occurrence”has been given priority.Exploring the early risk factors that lead to the diseases of old age is a prerequisite for prevention and intervention,and it is also the meaning of“actively responding to population aging.”Based on the results of the global burden of disease(GBD)disability weights assessment,we have assigned a disability weighting to the health status recorded in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study data.Years lived with disability(YLDs)are used as a quantitative indicator to evaluate the predictive effect of early psychosocial risks on the health of the elderly population.The results show that early psychosocial risks significantly increase the years lived with disability and also has significant predictive power for high-risk health status.The relationship between the two is causal.In addition,the study identifies four early social and psychological risks that lead to serious deterioration in the quality of life:physical violence,childhood migration,mother’s mental health and father’s physical health.Interventions aimed at these risk factors will help extend the healthy life expectancy of the elderly and reduce the future burden they represent for our country.The above findings have reference significance for preventing the upstream occurrence of the diseases of old age in individual lifetimes and implementing“full life-cycle health management.”