论《陆判》的文学渊源和文学意蕴

On the Literary Origins and Literary Implications of Lu Pan

《陆判》描写了陆判为朱尔旦“剖腹换心”、为朱尔旦的妻子“割头换头”的故事。“剖腹”的故事最早出现于《后汉书·华佗传》,“洗肠”的故事最早出现于《旧五代史·王仁裕传》。《西游记》《封神演义》中都出现了“剖腹剜心”的故事,《醒世姻缘传》中出现了“剖腹换心”的故事,但是比较简单。对《陆判》中“剖腹换心”情节影响最大的作品,当属徐芳的《换心记》。“割头换头”的故事最早来源于《幽明录·贾弼之》,《夷坚志·孙鬼脑》也有相似的记载。《西游记》中的孙悟空、《封神演义》中的申公豹,都曾经有过“砍头”的表演。与《陆判》中“割头换头”故事比较接近的,是王晫《今世说》中周启隽的故事。《陆判》借鉴了此前文学作品中的相关构思,但是又进行了自己的加工和改造,它突出了“剖腹换心”“割头换头”的因果关系,把原本纯粹猎奇的事件,升华为冥间的判官与人间朋友的真挚友谊。《陆判》在新颖怪异的故事背后,寄托了对真挚友情的呼唤,对跨越生死的舐犊之情的赞美,对于科举的期待和“命运天定”的不甘。

Lu Pan describes the story of Lu Pan“cutting Zhu Erdan's heart”and“cutting the head of Zhu Erdan's wife for a head transplant”.The story of“laparotomy”first appeared in Hou Han·Biography of Hua Tuo,and the story of“gut washing”first appeared in History of the Old Five Dynasties·Biography of Wang Renyu.The story of“cutting a belly for a heart”appeared in both Journey to the West and The Romance of the Gods.The story of“cutting a belly for a heart transplant”appeared in The Story of Awakening Marriage,but it is relatively simple.Xu Fang's Changing Heart had the most influence on the plots of“cutting a belly for a heart transplant”.The story of“Cutting Head and Changing Head”originated from You Ming Lu·Jia Bizhi,and Yi Jian Zhi·Sun Guinao also had similar stories.Sun Wukong in Journey to the West and Shen Gongbao in The Romance of the Gods both had cut off their heads.The story of Zhou Qijun in Wang Zhuo’s Jin Shi Shuo was closely similar to the plot“cutting head and changing head”in Lu Pan.Pu Songling learned the relevant ideas from previous literary works and carried out his own processing and transformation.He highlighted the causal relationship of“cutting a belly for a heart”,“cutting head and changing head”,and he changed the events that were purely strange into the sincere friendship between the man and ghost.Pu Songling enshrined the call for sincere friendship and praised the father love.