冶炼工业区大气颗粒物中水溶性阴离子分布特征——以黄石市下陆区为例

Characteristics of Water Soluble Anions in Atmospheric Particles From a Smelting Industry Zone--Taken Xialu District,Huangshi as an Example

为考察冶炼工业活动对大气环境的影响,于2013年12月在黄石市下陆区采集大气TSP,PM 10,PM 2.5样品,采用离子色谱仪对样品中的水溶性离子(F^-,Cl^-,NO^-2,NO^-3,SO4^2-)含量进行分析,研究了质量浓度和变化特征。结果表明:PM 2.5,PM 10及TSP日均浓度平均值超过我国《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)中Ⅱ级标准,PM 2.5与PM 10及PM 10与TSP的相关性非常显著;TSP,PM 10,PM 2.5中5种阴离子浓度日变化趋势基本一致,其中SO4^2-和NO3^-浓度变化幅度较明显。此外,冶炼工业活动会产生大量的NO^-3和SO4^2-,且PM 2.5中NO3^-/SO4^2-的均值大于1。TSP与PM 10中F^-,Cl^-,NO3-主要来自城市易散性粉尘或陆地源粉尘,而SO4^2-主要受人为源的影响。

In December 2013,TSP,PM 10 and PM 2.5 were collected in Xialu District,Huangshi in order to study the atmospheric pollution caused by the smelting industry actions.The contents of water-soluble ions(F^-,Cl^-,NO^-2,NO^-3,SO^2-4)in the samples were analyzed by ion chromatography.The mass concentration,change characteristics and sources of the five water-soluble anion concentrations in TSP,PM 10 and PM 2.5 were studied.The results showed that the average daily concentrations of PM 2.5,PM 10 and TSP exceeded the Class 2 limit values of Ambient Air Quality Standard(GB 3095-2012),and the correlation between PM 2.5 and PM 10,PM 10 and TSP was very significant;the daily variation trend of five anion concentrations in TSP,PM 10 and PM 2.5 was basically the same,among which the water level and variation range of SO^2-4 and NO^-3 ion concentration were obvious;a large number of NO^-3 and SO^2-4 can be produced by smelting industry;the mean value of NO^-3/SO^2-4in PM 2.5 and PM 5 was more than 1;F^-,Cl^-,NO^-3in TSP and PM 10 were mainly urban fugitive dust or land-based dust,while SO^2-4 was mainly affected by man-made sources.