美国航空领域国家实验室发展历程及创新特征研究

The Research on the History and Innovation Characteristics of the National Aeronautical Laboratory in the United States of America

美国航空航天局航空研究任务部下属四个研究中心,是美国航空领域重要的国家实验室,对于支撑美国航空科技水平世界领先发挥了重要作用。分析其推动航空科技创新、支撑美国航空科技世界领先的规律和做法,对于我国建设航空领域国家实验室具有重要意义。通过对这四家研究中心发展历程、创新经验做法、协同创新模式进行分析总结得出:国家实验室围绕行业领域设立,通过开展关键技术攻关,推动先进技术跨越“创新鸿沟”,搭接起基础研究与技术创新之间桥梁,承担行业大型科研设施建设运营和开放共享工作,是市场经济条件下提升国家创新力的重要途径。建议加快建设我国航空领域国家实验室。

There are four research centers in the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate of National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)in the United States of American(USA).Those four research centers play the role of the national laboratories in the field of Aeronautics.It is important to analyze the rule and practices of these four research centers in promoting aviation innovation,which are important for the construction of National Laboratory in China.Based on the analysis and summary of the history,innovative method,collaborative innovation of these four research centers,we find that:the National Laboratory are established around field,and are crossdisciplinary research and integration.Its promotes advanced technology to cross the“innovation gap”;connects the bridge between basic research and technological innovation;transform advanced technology to enterprises and undertakes the construction and operation of large scientific facilities.It is an important way to enhance national innovation under the condition of market economy.It is suggested to speed up the construction of National Laboratory in aeronautics,and support our aviation science and technology as the top class in the world.