猕猴桃贮藏中常见病原菌的分离鉴定及抗菌中药的筛选

Isolation,Identification of Common Fungi during Kiwifruit Storage and Screening of Antifungal Chinese Medicine

为了明确猕猴桃在贮藏过程中常见病原菌的种类,探究有效的防治措施,采用植物组织分离法从贮藏期猕猴桃病果中分离病原菌,经形态学观察、ITS序列分析明确其分类地位,采用含常见抑菌中药材的PDA平板对病原菌菌丝生长进行抑菌效果测定。形态学和ITS序列分析结果表明,分离出5种病原菌,分别被鉴定为多变根毛霉菌[Mucor irregularis(Rhizomucor variabilis)]、黑斑病菌(Alternaria brassicae)、葡萄球座菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)、链格孢菌(Alternaria alternate)、间座壳菌(Diaporthe eres)。中药抑菌效果测定结果显示,0.3 g/mL PDA培养基的蛇床子、苦楝皮和连翘对几种猕猴桃病原菌的抑菌效果较好,对5种病原菌菌丝生长速率的抑制率可达70%以上,显著高于其他单味中药。抑菌中药对猕猴桃贮藏过程中常见病原菌具有较好的抑制作用,具有潜在的生产应用价值。

In order to clarify the types of common pathogens during kiwifruit storage and explore effective control measures,pathogens were isolated from kiwifruit during storage by plant tissue isolation method.Their taxonomic status were confirmed by morphological observation and ITS sequence analysis.The inhibition effect of PDA media containing common antifungal Chinese medicine on mycelial growth of pathogens were determined.The results of morphology and ITS sequence analysis showed that 5 pathogens were isolated,which were identified as Mucor irregularis(Rhizomucor variabilis),Alternaria brassicae,Botryosphaeria dothidea,Alternaria alternate and Diaporthe eres respectively.The results of antifungal Chinese medicine test showed that 0.3 g fructus cnidii,Cortex meliae and Forsythia in 1 mL PDA medium had better inhibition effect on common kiwifruit pathogens,and the inhibition rate of mycelial growth of five pathogenic fungi reached more than 70%,which was significantly higher than that of other single Chinese medicines.Antifungal Chinese medicine has good inhibition effects on common fungi during kiwifruit storage,and has potential application value in production.