社会阶层视角下民众获得感现状与提升对策

Current Situation and Upgrading Countermeasures of People’s Sense of Gain from the Perspective of Social Stratification

获得感是民众在社会改革发展中对其需求满足过程和结果的主观认知及情感体验的综合反应,已成为反映社会发展成果共享和民众生活质量提升的新指标。本研究基于中国社会科学院和智媒云图联合发布的获得感调查(Sense of Gain Survey 2019),分析民众获得感的现状和人口学差异,并探讨不同主客观社会阶层群体获得感的差异性特征。结果发现民众获得感整体良好,在获得内容、获得途径和获得分享上得分相对较高,在获得环境和获得体验上得分相对较低。受教育程度、收入、职业类型以及住房情况等客观社会阶层指标对不同层面获得感的影响有所不同。在控制了人口学变量和客观社会阶层指标后,主观社会阶层仍然对获得感有一定的预测作用,总体呈现出两端高、中间低的特点。在此基础上,本研究提出了民众获得感提升路径的对策建议,为制定社会治理政策提供参考。

Sense of gain is a comprehensive response of people’s subjective cognition and emotional experience to the process and results of satisfying their needs in social reform and development.It has become a new index reflecting the sharing of social development achievements and the improvement of people’s quality of life.This paper,based on the CASS-Matview Sense of Gain Survey 2019,analyzes its current situation and demographic differences,and explores the different characteristics in terms of different social classes.The results show that the public has a good overall sense of gain,with relatively high scores in the content,access and sharing,and relatively low scores in environment and experience.Objective social class indicators such as education level,income,occupation and housing situation have different effects on the sense of gain.With the demographic variables and the objective social class index controlled,the subjective social class still has a certain predictive effect,falling into a pattern of high at both ends and low in the middle.In view of this,some suggestions are put forward with an aim to provide a reference for making policies of social governance.